Impact of terrorism on economic development in africa. Terrorism in the northern part of nigeria is even more violent. As terrorism is a form of conflict, the extent to which particular historical events drive current conflicts could render history as a cause of terrorism in africa. As a result, this situation adversely affects the economy of the country.
Causes of terrorism handout 3 profile of a terrorist. Causes, effects and solution to bokoharam and kidnapping in nigeria. Aug 22, 2018 terrorism has been an intense threat in nigeria that causes has fathomed been researched to be from a lot of existing challenges of which the two basic challenges are political and religious war. Identify the role of ideology, psychology, and rationality in terrorism be acquainted with the profile of the terrorist materials each student will need. As at now, there is no universally accepted definition of terrorism. Thus in this paper, internal security crisis as it relates to its causes, types, effects and solutions seems a more sensible starting point in addressing the threat to nigeria s existence. Civil wars and ethnic conflicts continue to torment the continent and killed more people than reported.
Terrorism as a manifestation of conflict could be a historically persistent phenomena with roots in the past. Nigeria an overview of challenges to peace and security. The report presents the scope of the atrocities committed by both terrorist groups and the effect of the atrocities on the enjoyment of human rights in the affected regions, and beyond. Terrorist organizations and some radical criminals create a very unsafe situation. It became rampant in the late 90s and further culminating in todays epidemic proportion. But the slaves of the fulanis will read this, yet they cannot understand. The background to this subject has given us the opportunity of predicting the possible causes and effects of terrorism in nigeria. Although the government and security agents claim to be on top of the situation, the problem still persists. Groups, activities, and politics adeyemi bukola oyeniyi abstract while global attention is focused on embassy bombing, aircraft hijacking and 911 terroristsattack kind of terrorism, equally devastating terrorist activities with equally devastating impacts are daily swept under the carpet in africa. In view of the devastating causes and effects of terrorism, the need for a holistic. If you look at kidnapping and terrorism you will understand from its definition that it reflects a breakdown in law an order in society. Religion is the most ironic cause of terrorism, but its followers believe that they are doing the work of their god. One can have a perfectly beautiful cause and yet if one commits terrorist acts, it is terrorism regardless.
Effects of terrorism in africa and effects of terrorism on economy are so great. One of the major effects of terrorism in nigeria is fear. What are the effects of terrorism in nigeria answers. Groups, activities, and politics adeyemi bukola oyeniyi abstract while global attention is focused on embassy bombing, aircraft hijacking and 911 terroristsattack kind of terrorism, equally devastating terrorist activities with equally devastating. It can be said that terrorism sets out as a means of all spheres influence, in particular, daily life of common citizens of nigeria towns. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigeria s muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state. Effects of boko haram insurgencyterrorism in business. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Above all, we anticipate and believe that nigeria will scale and pull through the age of terrorism someday.
The effect of terrorism has posed a big threat to government, local businesses and. Nigeria seems to meet the criterion of a failed states such as somalia. The third section focuses on causes of terrorism and insurgency. The western world is inexperienced in africa that is why they ascribed the cause of terrorism to poverty. Combating terrorism in africa by maxim worcester political and economic environment to 2015 the underlying structural causes of state weakness in subsaharan africa relatively low population densities, problematic population distribution and poor infrastructure will remain. History of kidnapping and terrorism in nigeria causes. With nigeria venturing into cashless society, there is a need for cybercrimes menace to be minimized if not completely eradicated. Department of economics, kogi state university, anyiba, kogi state, nigeria. This article is useful for curious knowledge seekers, researchers as well as policymakers in nigeria. Effects of terrorism on the international business in nigeria international journal of. While this paper recognizes that there are other predisposing variables like economic marginalization, ethnic and religious fanaticism which influence terrorism, we contend that official corruption, state neglect and impunity, poverty and unemployment constitute the main causes of terrorism in nigeria. Second, it describes how history is crucial to any explanation.
Abstract terrorism is the premeditated use or threat to use violence by individuals or subnational groups against non. Only those with liberated minds will understand, irrespective of their tribe or religion. Should we resign ourselves to the fear that terrorism cant be fought and that there is no solution. Causes, origin and effects dedication i dedicate this to my father, mr gabriel chukwuemeka eze acknowledgement i would like to express my gratitude to my father who played a major role in getting this research done. Haram, its causes, recruitment, ideology, area of operation and the ways through which the problem can be solved. Terrorists in nigeria create more unsafe places, that make the living environment very adverse. There are causes and factors that impacted negatively on nigerian national development which include economic, political. It is a sign that formal authority is ineffectual and that checks.
First, it explains briefly why it is difficult to find a universally acceptable definition of terrorism. Corruption is an important challenge for nigeria, with impacts throughout the. The atmosphere of distrust that the terrorists bring forth increase the business running costs. Terrorism causes, effects, and solutions slideshare. The penultimate chapter examines the causes of their actions, the socioeconomic and religious effects on the peoples and government of nigeria. The possible causes of insecurity in nigeria such as bad governance, corruption, graduate unemployment, among others pointed out by other writers were highlighted. In fact, none of the thirteen major multilateral conventions on terrorism defined terrorism. It was concluded that inadequate economic growth is the main cause of poverty and insecurity in nigeria. Terrorism has been an intense threat in nigeria that causes has fathomed been researched to be from a lot of existing challenges of which the two basic challenges are political and religious war. Abstract this article examines the causes and effect of transborder crime on nigeria s security.
Top 5 effects of terrorism on daily life the greatest manifestation in the modern world has islamist terrorism islamic state, al qaeda, etc. Violence is used by terrorists as a means of instilling fear or phobia into the hearts of the masses in a community. Historical evoulution of boko haram the history and development of boko haram insurgents group in north eastern nigeria can be divided into two phase. Terrorism in nigeria has had adverse impacts on economic growth, investment, and tourism. May 23, 2014 one of the major effects of terrorism in nigeria is fear. Corruption and state neglect of the masses are some other causes of terrorism in nigeria.
Corruption, which breeds violent extremism and terrorism, is a radicalizer in itself, as it destroys faith in a legitimate government and aids the narratives of the perpetrators. The international summit on democracy, terrorism and security 8 11march2005madrid. In doing this, the paper discusses the central role that security plays in the development of nations for which nigeria cannot be an exception. Northern nigeria is commonly seen as one of the root causes of militant. Understanding the emerging trends aderonke, majekodunmi department of political science, faculty of social science university of lagos, akoka, lagos, nigeria email.
Aug 16, 2016 to draw the curtain, we have been able to show the various definitions of terrorism, the brief history activities effects of terrorism in our dear country and the world at large. Causes and consequences of terrorism in africa oxford handbooks. Kidnapping and terrorism in nigeria was unknown in the early years of nigeria s independence in 1960. History and root causes of terrorism in africa introduction the aim of this paper is fourfold. The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 3 the henry jackson society the henry jackson society is a crosspartisan thinktank based in london. Indeed, poverty is associated with terrorism in nigeria and is mediated through condition of low political and economic freedom. Abstract terrorism is presently a major challenge in nigeria. It has also show that the prevailing concept of ubi jus ibi remedium has provided the basis and ground for civil actions being maintained in terrorism. Ikezue and ezeah 2017 investigated the causes and effects of pastoral. Causes of terrorism in pakistan a developing nation like nigeria and other developing countries are faced with many problems since their inception and some of them sow their dragon teeth in the soil of nigeria to give birth to terrorism such as. As a result of terrorist acts, we have a number of problems that prevent the development of the regions suffering because of attacks. The paper further explains the concepts of terrorism and insecurity with. This section will enable us appreciate the dimensions to terrorism cited above.
In an effort to assist teachers in helping their students identify and understand terrorism, the united states institute of. Jan 31, 2019 causes and effects of insecurity in nigeria with solution in this post, we take a look at the insecurity problem in the country with a view of identifying the causes and effects of insecurity in nigeria. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria. This chapter examines the causes and consequences of terrorism in africa, and considers the extent to which existing evidence rationalizes the various explanations for it, and its implications for counterterrorism policy in africa. Public opinion on the root causes of terrorism and objectives of. Causes and consequences of terrorism in africa oxford. Arpn journal of science and technologycybercrime in nigeria. Causes, effects and solution to bokoharam and kidnapping. The effects of cybercrimes on organizations, the society and the country in general include reducing the competitive edge of organizations, waste of production time and damage to the image of the country. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria african.
The use of terrorism for political reason is a serious threat to international peace and security. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria 1. Federal university lafia, nigeria abstract this paper explores the humanitarian impact of terrorism in nigeria from the standpoint of boko haram insurgency. People are afraid, because the never know when the terrorists will strike or what they are going to do next. What are the causes of and solutions for terrorism. Xraying nigerian armys unmatched record in counterterrorism. Terrorism can take multiple forms and have many causes, often more than one.
The threat of terrorist acts affects the development of industry, business and agriculture. First, though, we need to understand what causes terrorism. Terrorism has been linked to the theory of deprivation, but the extent to which terrorism is. Analysis on the effect of terrorism in nigeria by edikan. These indirect effects pose the greatest potential threat to the activities of firms the effects of terrorism on the commerce and business according to nitsch schumacher 2004 can be gathered. The paper is structured into six sections, starting with this introductory part. Terrorism is different from other types of violence in these four typical ways. Terrorism is a grave threat to any nations growth and development, as well as the welfare of its citizens. Analysis on the effect of terrorism in nigeria by edikan ekanem. Daily life receives the most major shock due to the huge numbers of dead people and injured ones. While terrorism is still in active around the globe, what has causes this dreadful act that harm many people live and property and what are the reasons behind this keet 2003 stated that one of the causes is formation of nationalist or separatist.
This is against the backdrop of the rising spate of violent attacks. Haram terrorism and fulani herdsmen attacks in nigeria, international journal of. In line with theories of deprivation, the study found that. Causes and effects of terrorism in nigeria research cyber. The effects of insecurity and poverty scholarlink research. Causes and consequences of terrorism in africa start. These violent activities have obvious negative effects on society and its populace. The chapter goes further to proffer solutions to the insurgencies of this terrorist group. The unfortunate reality is that terrorism has gone global and every world citizen is equally susceptible and vulnerable. Abstract this work studied both the variables that led to the emergence of terrorism in nigeria and some strategies to be used in combating it. Unfortunately, all the types of terrorism can be seen in nigeria. Groups may adhere to the same underlying ideology but differ remarkably in organizational. It adopted phenomenography as a research methodology in its approach to discussing its subject matter. Mar 08, 2017 this situation is a dimension of economic and cultural terrorism.
These factors were according to this paper symptomatic rather than causative. An attack can be rooted in religious, social, or political conflicts such as when one community is oppressed by another. Sep 28, 2011 the use of terrorism for political reason is a serious threat to international peace and security. Effects of terrorism on the international business in nigeria. Terrorism, economic growth, transfer functions, counter terrorism expenditure, structural. There are examples of militancy and vandalism in the niger delta area as the manifestation of political and economic terrorism. Our founders and supporters are united by a common interest in fostering a strong british, european, and. Many civilians suffer from terrorist attacks, we can see killings, kidnapping, and thefts of property. The possible causes of insecurity in nigeria such as bad governance. Terrorism is defined as a phenomenon whereby violence is used in achieving a particular political goal. The causes and consequences of violent extremism and the. Nigerians and nonnigerians are being killed on daily bases in their numbers. While domestic terrorism is that which is carried out against ones own government or fellow citizens, international terrorism is. Testimony submitted for the record senate appropriations subcommittee on.
This report focuses on two main terrorist groups, namely, isisdaesh in the middle east and beyond, and boko haram in nigeria and west africa. These indirect effects pose the greatest potential threat to the activities of firms the effects of terrorism on the commerce and business according to nitsch schumacher 2004 can be gathered under 3 topics. Types of terrorism in nigeria and causes information. The cause of terrorism today and for a long time is religion, than government oppression, and then idiots. Sandler 2008 shows that terrorism causes economic activity to diverge from investment spending to government spending on terrorism, mainly. The history is as old as humans willingness to use violence to effect politics. Yet terrorism, its definition, causes, and methods of dealing with it, has rarely been dealt with in high school courses. While terrorism is a global phenomenon, africa seems to bear the greatest brunt of it, largely due to limited military resources and ongoing economic deprivation, which has lured many young people. The causes and consequences of violent extremism and the role of foreign assistance. The impact of terrorism in nigeria is felt mostly in the north eastern. Neglected underlying issues in a society culminate over time to lead to the conflict and violent activities that are the hallmark of insurgency. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria 1 chuku chuku, dominic abang, and imaabasi isip jel codes.
Boko haram is a terrorist organization which caused the loss of lives and properties in northern nigeria, while others considered it as insurgent group financed by foreign nationals to spoil the image of islam and muslims. The only solution is to convert to their religion, or get killed. African countries have experienced relatively high levels of terrorism. Domestic and international terrorism are condiciones sine quibus non for discussing terrorism in the nigerian context. Isisdaesh and boko haram ewelina ochab and kelsey zorzi report 23 september 2016 executive summary recent years have witnessed the emergence of powerful terrorist groups, notably, isisdaesh in the middle east and boko haram in west africa. Terrorism, perception, root causes, objectives, boko haram, nigeria. In addition, there are factors that made other people to join terrorism and the effects of it. Pdf abstract terrorism is presently a major challenge in nigeria. Loosely defined, terrorism is the use of violence to further a political or ideological goal at the expense of the general population. Insecurity the need for security was the basis of the social contract between the citizens and the state, in which people willingly surrendered their rights to the government who oversees the survival. The increase in the rise in smuggling, arms trafficking.
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